第37章 《佃农理论》英语原著 (31)
,coveringfourprovincesinChinain1935,revealsthattheescapeclause(asincontractsamplesaandc)wasadoptedin83percentofthecrop(fixed)rentcontracts,63percentofthecash(fixed)rentcontract,andnotatallinsharecontracts.[10],themarketpriceofagriculturalyieldwillrise,andwithcashrentthetenant'sinewillbepensatedbytheriseinpricemorethanwithcroprent;hence,,otherthingsbeingequal,,beforetheagrarianreforms,,however,,inpart,,thefermiersoftheFrenchmetayage,theescapeclauseassociatedwithfixedrentsinChina,,,wefindthattheirstipulationsaremoreplexthanthoseoffixedrents,-sharecontractwithuniformsharingpercentagesforallcrops(ShantungProvince):
TenantAagreestocultivate[somanymows][somanyhead]ofwaterbuffalo,[somanybodies]ofmen;andeveryyearthetenantmustcultivatewheatonce,Indiancornthreetimes,[incertainproportions].Theyieldsofallcropsaretobeshared[incertainproportions].Theleasemayterminateonlyaftertheautumnharvest.[11]
Samplee-sharecontractwithvaryingsharingpercentages(HonanProvince):
[Stipulationsoflandsizeandnonlandinputs]……Weherebystipulatethatthewheatyieldwillbesplit20-80;millet,yellowbeans,sesame,greenbean-allwillbesplit30-70;cottonandsweetpotatoessplit50-50……;milletstraws,andbeanandsesamestalkssplit30-70.[12]
Samplef-sharecontractwithsomeproductsunshared(HonanProvince):
TenantA……voluntarilyagreestofurnish[somany]men,[somanyhead]ofwaterbuffaloanddonkeys……andallplowingequipment……Weclearlystipulatethatseedsofmajorcropsaretobeprovidedbythelandowner,,indryandcleanform……Butthestrawsgotothe[tenant's]waterbuffaloentirely;thedroppingsgotothe[landowner's]soil;……[bythelandowner],.[13]
Forsharecontracts,,theexplicitstipulationsoftenantinputsandcropplantationsareimpliedbythetheoryofsharetenancy(seechapter2).[14]Evidenceindicates,however,thatonlytheactualyieldsareinspected,forbyparisonwithadjacentfarmsorpastexperiencethelandownerwillbeabletodecidewhetherthecontractedtermshavebeenfulfilled:
Theabsenteelandlordssendtheiragents,orgothemselves,……[Thetenant],.[15]
Exaggeratedasthisquotationmightbe,anintramarginaltenantwithspecificfarmingknowledge(hence,withhigheryieldsthanmarginaltenants)can"hide"asmuchastherentimputedtohisspecialskillandstillretainhistenancy;anagentcancollectenforcementcostin"bribes",,inchapter2:Thelandownermayeitherrequirethetenanttoinvestmoreinlandandchargealowerrentalpercentage,.

