[1].UndertheauspicesoftheUniversityofNanking,,whichappeartohavepassedunnoticed,,ed.,LandUtilizationinChina-Statistics-AStudyof16,786Farmsin168Localitiesand38,256FarmFamiliesinTwenty-twoProvincesinChina,1929-1933（Nanking:UniversityofNanking,1937）.Duringthepreparationofthisimpressivevolume,BuckwrotethenotedChineseFarmEconomy（1930）,andLandUtilizationinChina（1937）,,Buck'searlierworksarealsoimportant:AnEconomicandSocialSurveyof102FarmsnearWuhu,Anhwei,China（Nanking,1923）；AnEconomicandSocialSurveyof150Farms,YehshanCounty,Hopei,China（Nanking,1926）；andFarmOwnershipandTenancyinChina（Shanghai:NationalChristianCouncil,1927）.Surveysbyindependentwritersaside,otherorganizationswhichhavecon-ductedsurveysincludetheDepartmentofInternalAffairs,theRealEstateBureau,theNationalGovernmentStatisticsDepartment,theExecutiveYuan,.[2].Thiscanbeconvenientlydemonstratedinfigure3,（a）isobtainedbyraisingq/h,andcondition（b）byloweringf/,ahighervalueof（q-f）hisdefined,.[3].Buck,ChineseFarmEconomy,.[4].ChineseNationalGovernment,ShengchingRouteEconomicReport（1931）,p.102.[5].SeeLegislativeYuan,StatisticalMonthly（1930）,2,5；andDepartmentofInternalAffairs,PublicReportsofInternalAffairs（1932）,2,1；5,1and2.[6].,therentalsharerestrictionenactedin1946wasamaximumof25percentoftheyieldforpaddy,and15percentforuplandfields,,AgriculturalLandReformLegislation（Tokyo,1949）.[7].Buck,ChineseFarmEconomy,（elevenlocalitiesinChina,1921-25）,andthe66.6percentcitedispurelyincidental.Seetable2inibid.,p.148.[8].TheseaveragesareputedfromChen,LandRentsofVariousProvincesinChina（Shanghai:CommercialPress,1936）,pp.102-3.[9].Theseconditionscanlikewisebedemonstratedbymovingtheq/handflhcurvesinfigure3,chapter2accordingly.[10].,ModernKorea（NewYork:InstituteofPacificRelations,1944）.Theaveragefarmsizesareputedfromdataintable2,p.291；andthelandpricesareseenintable5,p.292.[11].SeeBuck,LandUtilizationinChina,table23,,identicalpatternsareseenintables7and8,.,p.197,ownerfarms（average4.22acres）arelargerthantenantfarms（average3.56acres）.,ThePatternofLandReforminEastAsiaafterWorldWarII（NewYork:BookmanAssociates,1958）,,Statistics,chap.2,tables23and26；andchap.7.[12].Buck,ChineseFarmEconomy,,Buckproceededtodiscussaprogramof"fair"rent.[13].'sfindingisfromasampleof2,542farmsinfifteenlocalities,sevenprovinces,,,seeBuck,FarmOwnershipandTenancyinChina.[14].Bray,"FarmTenancyandProductivityinAgriculture:TheCaseoftheUnitedStates,"FoodResearchInstituteStudies（1963）,,thetraditionalargumentdidnotpasshisintuition:

Theresource-efficiencyargumentissomewhatacademic……Bothtenantandlandlordhaveanincentivetotrytoincreasethemarginalproductivityoftheirownresources……neitherwhollysucceeds……Forexample,alandlord'ssuggestionthatathirdcultivationofthecornwouldpay（atnocosttohim）maybemetwiththetenant'ssuggestionthatthelivingroomreallywouldbeimprovedbynewwall-paper（atnocosttohim）[ibid.,p.27].,,,"RelativeEfficienciesofFarmTenureClassesinIntrafirmResourceAllocation,"ResearchBulletin461（IowaAgriculturalandHomeEconomicsExperimentStation,November,1958）,,however,.[15].,"StatisticsofJapaneseAgriculture,"mimeographed（NewYork:InstituteofPacificRelations,1941）,table17,"able-bodiedman-units"areusedinsteadof"numberofmembersperfamily."ForevidencefromTaiwan,seechapter7ofthisstudy.