,Buckfoundthattherentalpercentagewashigherwhenthelandownerprovidedpartofthefarminginputs（i.e.,thetenantcostwaslower）：

Thepercentageoftotalreceiptsforthelandlordvariesfrom24.6percent,……wheresmallrentsaredemandedto66.6percent,……wherethecroppersystemprevailsandwherethelandlordfurnisheseverythingbutlaborandroutinemanagement.[7]

Similarly,accordingtoanothersurveyconductedbyChing-MohCheninfourprovinces（China,1934）,anaveragerentalpercent-ageof55.98wasfoundintenantfarmswherelandownerspro-videdseeds,fertilizers,andbullocks,asparedtoanaverageof46.37percentwhenthetenantsprovidedthesenonlandin-puts.[8]

Furthermore,giventheproductionfunction,thelandspacerentedtoeachtenantdependsuponthefertilityoflandandthetenant',thefarmsizepertenantfamilywillbesmallerif（a）thelandismorefertileor（b）theten-ant'salternativeearningisloWer.[9]Again,supportingevidenceisstrong:

,theaveragefarmsizeoveraten-yearperiod（1929through1938）,thepricesofpaddyfieldsweremorethantwoandone-halftimesashighasthoseofdryfields,confirmingthatpaddyfieldsweregenerallymorefertile.[10]

,whichcovers16,786samplefarmsin168localitiesinChina（1929-33）,wefind（a）theaveragefarmsizeinthemorefertilericeregionis3.09acres,asparedtoanaveragesizeinthelessfertilewheatregionof5.63acres;and（b）oftheseventypesofcropfieldslisted,thesmallestaveragesizeoccursindouble-croppingricefields（2.37acres）,whicharegenerallymostfertile.[11]