Propertyrights:andresourceallocation,4,50;transferabilityof,7,115-17;inprereformlandlaw,10,15;andconstraintintheoryofsharetenancy,16;andrankingofdifferentcontractualarrangements,31,33,46,158,160;andconstraintincontractualchoice,85;attenuationof,89,115-17;andanalysisofrentalsharerestriction,115-17;exclusivityof,115-17;productiontheoremofassignment,117;andeconomicefficiency,159;andagrarianreforms,161Purchaseoflandbytenants,120Rateofplanting,132-33RegulationsgoverningtheleaseofprivatefarmlandsinTaiwanProvince,1949:SeeRentalsharerestriction;TaiwanlandreformRelaying,145-46Rent:maximizationof,20;asacostofproduction,24,42;whenislandmonlyowned,:maximizedinsharecontract,23-24;defined,24nRentalpercentage:asvariabledeterminedinasharecontract,16-28,53;inFranceandEngland,35,36;variationin,56-58,171-73;inshareandfixed-rentcontracts,60,171-73;ofcashandcroprentsinfixed-rentcontract,76;fordifferentcrops,77-78Rentalsharerestriction:effectsofoncontractualarrangements,88-99;andattenuationoflandrights,89;andsaleofland,98,120;numberoffarmsaffectedby,99;effectofonlandowner'sine,107n,114;aimsof,113-14;effectofonresourceallocation,118,132,15657;andtenantine,125n;indifferentprefectures,139-42Rentdisputes:andchoiceofleaseduration,83-85;underTaiwanlandreform,96-97Repossessionofland,102,120Residual:intax-equivalentapproach,44;underrentalsharerestriction,108-9;undermonresourceownership,115-17Resourceallocation:withtransactioncosts,66;contractuallydetermined,84;andincreasedfarmingintensity108,151;misallocationduetoattenuationofrights,116;effectofsharerestrictionson,118,132,156-57;infeudalEuropeandTokugawaJapan,;Contractualterms;EfficiencyRice:cropareaofundersharerestriction,132;andoutputresponse,135-39Risk:andcontractualchoice,63-87;naturalriskdefined,63;riskaversion,63,68,159;sharecontractadeviceforriskdispersion,68-71;risk-exchangemodels,68n;andfermiers,70n;andescapeclauses,74-76;andpriceofland,90,98"Rock-bottom"subsistencetheory,165-66Rotation,andcroparea,132,,Rainer,47-48Sharecontract:exploitationof,8,113;frequencyofinAsianagriculture,10,66;andpropertyrights,16-28,30-31;paredwithfixedrent,27;andcustom,39-48;understateownership,54n;transactioncostsof,67;asalternativetomultipleescapeclauses,74-75;samplesof,76-79;shortduration,84;inotherindustries,;:defined,3;inefficiencyof,3,7-8,30,126,159;theoryofresourceallocationderived,16-29;,29,78;inEngland,32,34;classicalviewof,32-42;Neoclassicalviewof,42-51;andtax-equivalentapproach,51-55;criticizedbyChinesewriters,55;andtestsofimplicationsofalternativetheories,55-61;inAsia,,67Short-termlease:inefficiencyof,8,26n,80;choiceof,83-85;frequencyof,84nSinchu,141,142n,143Singlecropping,136-37Sino-JapaneseWar,55,73Sismondi,:onmetayageinItaly,38;onrentalpercentage,40-41Smith,Adam:ontax-equivalentapproach,32-34;onlandtenurearrangements,46Soilspace,146Specialcrops:listed,131n;undersharerestriction,132,136nStateownershipofland:andequilibriumcondition,54n;inTaiwan,122,161Stigler,GeorgeJ.,42n"Surface,"rightto,82-83Taichung,141,142n,150Tainan,141,142nTaipei,141,142n,150Taitung,141,142nTaiwanAgriculturalYearbook,129nTaiwanlandreform,88,91-92,160;termsof,5-6;intentionsandjustificationsof,7;timingof,8n;andpaddyanddryfields,57;tenurerearrangementsunder,90-91;restrictionsontenurerearrangementsunder,93-95;andillegaltenurerearrangements,95-98;enforcementof,95,99,110,114;effectonlandprices,98;percentage,notabsoluterestriction,109-15;attenuationofofresourcerights,115-17;misallo-cationeffects,116,156-57,160;and"dualeconomy,"169TaiwanSugarCorporation,145Tax:misallocationeffects,115nTax-equivalentapproach:analysisofsharecontractunder,30,39,42-51,159,172;inefficiencyof,42-51;paredwithstandardtheoryofsharetenancy,51-55;testsofimplications,58-61Tenurerearrangements,90-91,160Transactioncost:preventsdispersionoftenantinputs,55;andcontractualarrangements,63-87;andportfolioselection,63n;andefficientallocationofresources,64-66;effectoflegalarrangementson,66,86-87;andrankingofcontracts,67-68,78;andescapeclauses,75;andleaseduration,81-85;andusedassetprices,82;andintensityofresourceuse,86Transactions,85Transferabilityofrights:partialtransfer,62-63,85;underLand-to-the-TillerAct,7,113;underprereformlandlaw,11-15;outrighttransferandownerproduction,11,63;andexclusivityinuse,46n,115;ensuresutilizationofknowledge,64;reducesenforcementcosts,64,81;andmaximumvalueofresource,115Underdevelopment,literatureon,49,;DisguisedunemploymentUnitedStates,andAsianlandreforms,9Variableproportions,lawof,54n,105Vegetables,132,136n,149-54,167Vietnam,61nWagecontracts:frequencyofinAsianagriculture,66;transactioncostof,,96Watermelon,146Weather:asexogenousvariable,68;inTaiwan,137Yields:ontenantandownerfarms,59;andmarginalproductoffarminginputs,129-39;effectofincreaseddensityandrateofrotationon,133;ofrice,137-39;maximizationof,142;ofcitronella,143;ofinterplantingcrops,146,149n;ofvegetables,150Young,Arthur,34-36Yungtien,11