[1].Fortheerraticcropyieldsfrom1942to1946,seeSino-AmericanJointCommissiononRuralReconstruction,TaiwanAgriculturalStatistics,1901-1955(Taipei:1961),,fortheyear1952wearenotcertainoftheactualmethodofcropsharing.Since1953,notonlyhasthemassiveLand-to-the-Tillerprogrambeenenforced,-hanShen,AgriculturalDevelopmentonTaiwansinceWorldWarII(NewYork:ComstockPublishingAssociates,1964);OfficeofEconomicPolicy,"TheTaiwanFertilizerIndustry,"mimeographed(,1962);,IrrigationInvestmentinTaiwan(Taipei:JCRR,1963).[2].SeeShen,AgriculturalDevelopmentonTaiwan,chap.19.[3].Seechapter8,table3,column6.[4].Seechapter8,table4,column1.Seealsosourcesfortable2.[5].Seechapter5,sectionC.[6].SeeJCRR,"JCRRAnnualReportsonLandReformintheRepublicofChina,"mimeographed(1965),p.47.During1948-50,about6percentofthetotalcultivatedlandwasleasedtotenantsunderstateownership,.Partofthispubliclandwassoldtotenantsin1951,contributingpartiallytothenotablejumpinownerfarmers(table2,column2)andthefurtherdecreaseintenantlandholdingfrom1950to1951(column8).Ofthelandsunderprivateownership,,TaiwanAgriculturalYearbook,1951Edition(Taiwan:ProvincialGovernment,1951),sees.1and2.[7].Informationavailableincludesonlythenumberoftenanthouseholdsaffected,notthenumberoftenantfarmersinthesehouseholds.[8].,"ImpactofLandReformonAgriculturalDevelopmentandRuralEmploymentinTaiwan,"(JCRRmimeograph63-RED-M-176),p.2.[9].Ibid.,p.6.After1953,variousreportsindicatethatafarmerrarelyusedmorethantwohundreddaysinayearforfarmwork,,"AnEconomicStudyofLandUseinTaichungHsienandCity,1960,"mimeographed(Tai-chung:ResearchInstituteofAgriculturalEconomics,ChungHsingUniversity,1961);CommitteeonCensusofAgriculture,GeneralReportonthe1961CensusofAgriculture(Taipei:1963);andNien-tsingLu,AnAnalysisofFarmFamilyEconomyofOwner-OperatorsundertheLand-to-the-TillerPrograminTaiwan(Taipei:TheResearchDepartmentoftheLandBankofTaiwan,1965).[10].ChengChen,RecordsofTaiwanLandReform(Taipei:ChungHwaBookCompany,1961),pp.37-38.[11].Ibid.,pp.39-40.Forothersimilarexamplesseesourcescitedinchapter1,,admittedly,costmorebutaremoreeffective.[1]Underafreemarket,thequantityandqualityofferti-lizersapplied—whethermittedbythelandownerorbythetenant—,however,itistothelandowner'sinterest,andpetitionwillrequire,,with1948asthebaseyear,mercialfertilizersincreasedby18.6percentin1949and120.5percentin1950,withthequantityconsumedin1951approximatingthatof1950.[2]Ontheotherhand,farm-producedfertilizersdecreasedby8.4percentin1949and13.5percentin1950,withthequantityconsumedin1951approximatingthatin1950.[3]Amongmercialfertilizers,mineralfertilizersincreasedbymorethantwoandone-halftimesforthesameperiod;vegetablefertilizersincreasedbyaboutone-thirdin1950anddecreasedthereafter;andanimalfertilizers,whichhadbeenusedonlyinsmallquantities,declined.[4]Forthesamequantity,mineral(chemical)fertilizersaregenerallythemostcostlyofall,andareregardedasthemosteffective.[5]

Intheperiod1948-50,themostsignificantdecreaseinfarm-producedfertilizersoccurredinburnedsoil,,whichdeclinedby45.1percent,,otherfarm-producedfertilizerssuchasanimalmanure,ricehull,ash,straw,andhumanmanuredecreasedslightly.[6]